i"ve been growing my own vegies at home for about 7 years.
frist thing you might want to do is determine your soil type. the basic categories are sand/silt/clay/loam
most soils while having a certain predominance of one type, are typically a combination of at least 2 or 3 types.
the soil type will dicatate how well the drainage will be and the nutrient holding capacity.
clay holds and contains nutrients, but drains poorly etc. the ideal is alluvial soil or a deep loam.
i'm a fan of NOT digging if you can avoid it. excessive digging, particularly at a depth greater thatn 300mm can drastically disturb and damage the soil structure. this can have implications on the biological activity of the soil, especially the worms.
to avoid digging, i like to fallow beds after it has grown 1 or 2 crops. this involves one or a combination of the following: planting a green manure/crop (usually broad beans or barley), applying compost, applying rotted manure, mineral rock dust, and lucerne but preferablly pea straw. allow all this to rot down and then plant onto it what ever is next in line according to the crop rotation system. basically, don't plant a crop in the same place twice. try to have a rotatin of at least 4 or 5 plant families for each bed
soil that is left bare for extended periods will loose it's vitality and could become hydrophobic.
hydrophobic soil is very common here because of the harsh sun.
in this regard, i no longer look at weeds an an enemy of the garden. they are just there to provide protection to the soil from the sun.
i hope you enjoy growing and eating your own food. to me, it is an opportunity to become involved in another of natures cycles.