By causes do you mean the results of unresolved experiences, traumas and so on? My sense is that there is a collection of usually bypassed ancestral material which is energy/feeling/form mixture ... which through affecting our current feeling state and interferes with our freedom to act or be as we would wish. I think the Buddhist view of this is that these are karmic seeds in the 'alaya' which is a base or storehouse consciousness. The kind of ultimate view from Buddhism on this would be to allow them to arise, see them for what they are, and allow them to cease. The Buddhist world is far stranger and multi-dimensional (for want of a better word) than is usually supposed. For instance it contains all kinds of unembodied beings, ghosts, yakshas, betali, dakinis, gods and demi-gods - all with their own intents and purposes. It is far from the abstract 'everything is empty so float around on a cloud' which you hear from others.
There are two things to be addressed here I think - one is your own 'karma' or your own state of being, happiness or otherwise. The content of your own being and what you do about it. The other, which is related is a kind of search for the answer to 'what is this?' - the life we have been 'given' and what is its nature and why. So I believe there is a continuity between wanting to feel better, freer, less disturbed by things and so on ... and answering the big questions about the nature of reality. I ama firm believer in all this that each of us must follow their own heart - and while, yes, we can learn a lot and get a lot of help from systems like Buddhism or Neidan - in the end we make it our own. This is especially true as there is an enormous amount of b/s out there trying to tempt us into some kind of diversion.
It is possible also that different cultures, times and even dare I mention it ethnicities have different ways. For instance it might be that Westerners (by which I mean generally Europeans) tackle things differently, with different emphasis than Easterners. Also in the past life was much tougher than it is now. I am reading a biography of the Buddhist master called 'A Saint in Seattle'. He was born sometimes around 1900 I think and lived in Eastern Tibet. When he was five years old his parents noticed that he liked playing at being a Lama. They took this as a sign and decided he should be a monk. His father took him at five years old to his uncles retreat house - which was so inaccessible that you had to climb down a ladder to get in through the roof. The uncle was in permanent retreat sealed off from the world, there only being a tiny window through which people could pass food offerings and so on. His father literally took him there, down the ladder, dumped him on the floor and left without a word. From that day for at least five years the boy never left the retreat and never had any contact with his mother except through this tiny window. Imagine doing that today! Call Social Services!!! Those old style Lamas did things with extreme intensity and endured great deprivations for the sake of dharma. Their natural inclination on becoming inspired to follow the dharma was to go into retreat and do nothing but practice for decades.
In terms of the subtle body - what the Tibetans call the winds, channels and drops (tsa-lung etc.) in the practice I do (Mahamudra) this is seen as connected to speech (they talk about body, speech and mind). In a revealed or purified state these become the three kayas. While the mind-kaya, the dharma-kaya is seen as the closest to fundamentally real, in Mahamudra there is something called the Svabhavikakaya which is all three together and this relates most closely to the ultimate realisation. So the subtle body is part of it, together with your actual body and your mind. I don't know if this makes sense.